ToF-SIMS characterization of fossil damselfly (FUM-N-10904)
SEM-EDX elemental charts taken from ( An effective ) side blood vessels on wasp, FUM-N-11263, and you will ( B ) thorax of the damselfly, FUM-N-10904. C, carbon (red); California, calcium supplements (blue); Fe, metal (orange); Mg, magnesium (cyan); O, fresh air (purple); S, sulfur (yellow); Si, silicone (green).
( A – D ) Negative ion pictures symbolizing ( A good ) silica, ( B ) eumelanin and you may ( C ) iron oxide/sulfate, plus ( D ) an overlay image in which silica are demonstrated in the red-colored, eumelanin during the green and you may iron-oxide/sulfate in the blue. ( Elizabeth ) Bad ion spectra of ROIs symbolizing areas with a high code intensity from sediment-associated ions (red; top) and you may eumelanin-associated ions (green; bottom), correspondingly.
Abstract
FUM-N-17627 (Coleoptera). ( Good ) This new fossil elytra in dorsal look at prior to testing, exhibiting a faint metal stand out lower than conventional white. ( B ) Large magnification of one’s dark amount throughout the urban area demarcated into the ( A beneficial ). ( C ) SEM micrograph of your own external (outer) skin of elytra. Notice hexagonal patterning and you may desiccation fractures. ( D , E ) SEM micrographs of easy internal skin of elytra. Notice hexagonally setup imprints from the sedimentary matrix neighboring brand new traditional amount. ( F ) SEM micrograph showing a paragraph from mainly amorphous cuticular matrix. Notice slim layers along the external margin of elytra (conveyed by the an arrow). ( Grams ) TEM micrograph portraying a vertical part from the elytra. Mention mainly amorphous interior save your self to own slim subvertical rifts (light arrows) and you may five electron-heavy levels you to solution having leaner, electron-transparent rings (black arrow). ( H ) Higher magnification of your own thin formations (white arrow) and you may epicuticular layering (black arrow). ( We ) TEM micrograph reflecting undulating, electron-lucent fibrillar nanostructures (arrows) regarding the if not mostly homogenous cuticular matrix. ( J , K ) Higher magnification of your own structures depicted in the ( I ) showing individual filaments. ( L – Letter ) SEM micrographs depicting remains of putative seta, sensilla or microtrichia-for example has. ( O ) SEM micrograph proving the 2 mineral phases known in direct relationship toward elytra. The good texturing having collection of polygonal imprints of calcium-steeped stage (white arrow) is distinguishable on way more coarse-grained metal-rich and silicon-steeped stage (black arrow).
Easy Realization
SEM-EDX essential maps obtained from brand new fossil beetle elytra (FUM-N-17627). C, carbon dioxide ( yellow ); Ca, calcium ( blue ); Fe, iron ( tangerine ); Milligrams, magnesium ( cyan ); O, clean air ( reddish ); S, sulfur ( red-colored ); Quand, silicone ( environmentally friendly ).
ToF-SIMS characterization of traditional beetle elytra (FUM-N-17627). ( An excellent – D ) Negative ion images symbolizing ( A good ) silica, ( B ) eumelanin and ( C ) normal sulfur, also ( D ) an overlay visualize in which silica try depicted during the purple, eumelanin inside eco-friendly and you will organic sulfur in the bluish. ( E ) Bad ion spectra taken from selected ROIs that match the latest environmentally friendly (eumelanin) and you may purple (silica) areas into the ( D ), respectively, the spot where the spectrum throughout the green city was compared to site spectra out of man-made and natural eumelanin conditions. The fresh new spectrum on the purple urban area reveals the latest generation from mixed party ions of silica and you can iron oxide. ( F – We ) Positive ion pictures symbolizing ( F ) this new combined silica/iron oxide stage, ( G ) Ca-who has organic complexes and you may ( H ) calcite, plus ( We ) a keen overlay visualize where silica/iron-oxide is portrayed in the reddish together with Ca-that has organics is green and you will calcite is in blue. ( J ) Self-confident ion spectra on the purple, environmentally friendly and you can bluish areas inside the ( We ). New range on the bluish urban area are matched against a guide spectrum of calcite.